CHATHAM HOUSE (1 DOWN)

The Royal Institute of International Affairs, founded in 1920.

Know for the Chatham House Rule, where anything said in a meeting can be used, but cannot be attributed to the speaker.

COLOSSUS (2 DOWN)

The world's first programmable electronic computer, built in 1943 to break the Lorenz cipher used by German High Command.

Tommy Flowers designed and built it at the Post Office Research Station in Dollis Hill, North West London. It remained classified until the 1970s.

ALPHAFOLD (3 ACROSS)

A deep learning system from Google DeepMind that predicts the 3D structure of proteins from their amino acid sequence, developed in their King's Cross office.

By 2022 it had predicted structures for over 200 million proteins, and in 2024 earned Demis Hassabis and John Jumper the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

LEO (4 DOWN)

The Lyons Electronic Office: the first computer used for routine business work, which ran its first job in November 1951.

Built by J. Lyons & Co — the teashop and catering empire — at their Cadby Hall headquarters in Hammersmith. Its first task was valuing the company's weekly bakery output.

ATM (5 ACROSS)

The world's first cash machine, installed at Barclays' Enfield Town branch on June 27, 1967.

Designed by John Shepherd-Barron of De La Rue. He originally wanted a six-digit PIN; his wife could only remember four, so four it became.

THE TUBE (6 ACROSS)

The world's first underground railway, opened between Paddington and Farringdon on January 10, 1863.

Built by cut-and-cover: dig a trench down the road, roof it over, run trains through it. Opening day moved 38,000 passengers. Today, the network carries around 1.35 billion people a year.

THE IISS (7 ACROSS)

The International Institute for Strategic Studies, founded in 1958 and headquartered at Arundel House on Temple Place.

Its annual Military Balance is the reference work for the world's armed forces — read by every defence ministry, intelligence agency, and serious foreign correspondent.

ATTIO (5 DOWN)

The AI CRM, built in London and used by over 30,000 customers in more than 130 countries.